Operating Systems > Linux and UNIX
How do i sort out my kernel/system?
flap:
Just look in the readme in your kernel source directory.
Master of Reality:
quote:Originally posted by [calum@localhost]$:
thank you! that's what i needed to know.
as for stuff not working, no. however i am worried that my security (or performance) may be compromised by the inconsistencies, i noticed the iptables module generates a fleeting error message on its way past for instance. I would like to recompile my kernel but i made a HUGE cockup last time i tried and i am reticent to do so again. Can anybody point me towards some easy instructions for this please? i know i probably have these instructions on the hard drive at home so where would they be likely to be please?
--- End quote ---
look at www.tldp.org
or
# cd /usr/src/linux-*.*.*-**
# make xconfig (or "make menuconfig" or "make config")
# make dep &&
make &&
make bzImage &&
make modules &&
make install &&
make modules_install
then add the new kernel into a new entry in lilo or grub so that you can boot to the old kernel if necassary.
Or you could install it from RPM
[ November 13, 2002: Message edited by: The Master of Reality / B0B ]
Calum:
thank you again, flap and MoR, one quick question, with the process you just mentioned MoR, i'm just a little confused about the filename of the new kernel, and how lilo will know where to find it...
sorry, i'm scottish i know.
[edit: Kernel not kernal]
[ November 21, 2002: Message edited by: bob ]
beltorak0:
the new kernel is in "/usr/src/linux-#.#.##/arch/i386/boot" and named bzImage. "#.#.##" is the new kernel version,and replace "i386" with your architecture if you aren't on an intel type machine. Copy it to "/boot" and rename it to whatever you like, just don't overwrite your old one in case you need it. you might want to "dd" the old one to a floppy just in case.
hope that helps.
-t.
Calum:
it sure does, although i think there's a certain amount of 'trying and getting it right/wrong' that i need to do before i'll understand properly!
here's what a typical boot looks like for me:
quote:Nov 13 22:38:26 localhost partmon: Checking if partitions have enough free diskspace:
Nov 13 22:38:27 localhost partmon:
Nov 13 22:38:27 localhost rc: Starting partmon: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:27 localhost nfslock: rpc.lockd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:27 localhost nfslock: rpc.statd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:28 localhost gpm: gpm startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:09 localhost rc.sysinit: Running DevFs daemon succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:10 localhost rc.sysinit: Unmounting initrd: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:10 localhost rc.sysinit: Configuring kernel parameters: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:11 localhost date: Wed Nov 13 22:38:11 GMT 2002
Nov 13 22:38:11 localhost rc.sysinit: Setting clock (localtime): Wed Nov 13 22:38:11 GMT 2002 succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:11 localhost rc.sysinit: Loading default keymap succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:11 localhost rc.sysinit: Setting hostname localhost.localdomain: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:11 localhost usb: Initializing USB controller (usb-ohci): succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:12 localhost usb: Mount USB filesystem succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:12 localhost fsck: /dev/hda2: clean, 154347/523264 files, 640629/1045143 blocks
Nov 13 22:38:12 localhost rc.sysinit: Remounting root filesystem in read-write mode: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:12 localhost rc.sysinit: Activating swap partitions: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:17 localhost rc.sysinit: Finding module dependencies: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:17 localhost fsck: /dev/hda5: clean, 16867/256000 files, 110265/511422 blocks
Nov 13 22:38:18 localhost rc.sysinit: Mounting local filesystems: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:18 localhost rc.sysinit: Mounting loopback filesystems: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:18 localhost loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/uk.kmap.gz
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost keytable: Loading keymap: uk succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/include/compose.latin9.inc.gz
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost keytable: Loading compose keys: compose.latin9.inc succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost keytable: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost rc.sysinit: Turning on user and group quotas for local filesystems: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:19 localhost rc.sysinit: Enabling swap space: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:22 localhost mandrake_everytime: Building Window Manager Sessions succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:23 localhost rc: Starting iptables: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:23 localhost ipchains: Install Backward Compatibility with ipchains for kernel 2.4 succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:24 localhost internet: Checking internet connections to start at boot succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:24 localhost pcmcia: Starting PCMCIA services:
Nov 13 22:38:25 localhost pcmcia: cardmgr[757]: watching 1 sockets
Nov 13 22:38:25 localhost pcmcia: done.
Nov 13 22:38:25 localhost rc: Starting pcmcia: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:25 localhost portmap: portmap startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:31 localhost alsa: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: vol set to 58, 58, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: pcm set to 81, 81
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: speaker set to 0, 0
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: line set to 0, 0, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: mic set to 0, 0, R
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: cd set to 77, 77, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: igain set to 0, 0
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: line1 set to 0, 0, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: phin set to 0, 0, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost aumix: video set to 0, 0, P
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost sound: Loading mixer settings succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:32 localhost random: Initializing random number generator: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:33 localhost xfs: xfs startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:34 localhost shorewall: Processing /etc/shorewall/shorewall.conf ...
Nov 13 22:38:34 localhost shorewall: Processing /etc/shorewall/params ...
Nov 13 22:38:34 localhost shorewall: Starting Shorewall...
Nov 13 22:38:34 localhost shorewall: Loading Modules...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Hint: insmod errors can be caused by incorrect module parameters, including invalid IO or IRQ parameters.
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: You may find more information in syslog or the output from dmesg
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: init_module: Device or resource busy
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ipt_register_table_R03805bf4
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_unregister_table_Ra187b1ea
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_filter.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_do_table_R1d0146ba
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Hint: insmod errors can be caused by incorrect module parameters, including invalid IO or IRQ parameters.
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: You may find more information in syslog or the output from dmesg
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: init_module: Device or resource busy
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_ftp.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_helper_register_R38f95bf9
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_helper_unregister_Rd2f45a88
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_expect_related_R4d6aefd3
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_irc.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_helper_register_R38f95bf9
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_helper_unregister_Rd2f45a88
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_expect_related_R4d6aefd3
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_htable_size_R8ef8af4c
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_destroyed_Rc0e8d7ef
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_unregister_target_Rcc277e94
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol invert_tuplepr_R5e68d8a9
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_module_Rb0361033
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_ct_gather_frags_Ra3d2429e
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_get_Rc385e75d
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_register_target_R4e08f60d
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_register_table_R03805bf4
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_ct_find_helper_R4b165bab
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_unregister_table_Ra187b1ea
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ipt_do_table_R1d0146ba
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_tuple_taken_R4d0fb0cb
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_ct_selective_cleanup_R0ef292fe
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_ct_find_proto_R3002122e
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/iptable_nat.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_alter_reply_R1f41439d
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_ftp.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_change_expect_Re1c5288a
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_helper_register_R15369178
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_setup_info_R4b1b8890
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_mangle_tcp_packet_Re2811e94
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_ftp.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_helper_unregister_R5ef75b42
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_irc.o.gz:
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Initializing...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Determining Zones...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: unresolved symbol ip_conntrack_change_expect_Re1c5288a
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_helper_register_R15369178
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_setup_info_R4b1b8890
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_mangle_tcp_packet_Re2811e94
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_nat_irc.o.gz: unresolved symbol ip_nat_helper_unregister_R5ef75b42
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Zones: net loc
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Validating interfaces file...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Validating hosts file...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Validating Policy file...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Determining Hosts in Zones...
Nov 13 22:38:35 localhost shorewall: Net Zone: ppp0:0.0.0.0/0
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Local Zone: eth0:0.0.0.0/0 eth1:0.0.0.0/0
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `nat': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `mangle': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `nat': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `nat': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:36 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod /lib/modules/2.4.19-16mdk/kernel/net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_tables.o.gz failed
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: modprobe: insmod ip_tables failed
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: iptables v1.2.6a: can't initialize iptables table `filter': iptables who? (do you need to insmod?)
Nov 13 22:38:37 localhost shorewall: Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
Nov 13 22:38:38 localhost apmd: apmd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost dm: Starting display manager:
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost dm: display manager startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost dm: ^[[65G[^[[1;32m
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost dm:
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost rc: Starting dm: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost atd: atd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:39 localhost saslauthd: saslauthd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:40 localhost irattach: 1.1 Tue Nov 9 15:30:55 1999 Dag Brattli
Nov 13 22:38:40 localhost irattach: 1.1 Tue Nov 9 15:30:55 1999 Dag Brattli
Nov 13 22:38:40 localhost irda: irattach startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:44 localhost xinetd: xinetd startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost autofs: automount startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/i386/qwerty/uk.kmap.gz
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost keytable: Loading keymap: uk succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost loadkeys: Loading /usr/lib/kbd/keymaps/include/compose.latin9.inc.gz
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost keytable: Loading compose keys: compose.latin9.inc succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:45 localhost keytable: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:46 localhost crond: crond startup succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:47 localhost rc: Starting kheader: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:47 localhost devfsd: Running devfsd actions: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:52 localhost netconf: Checking kernel configuration
Nov 13 22:38:52 localhost linuxconf: Running Linuxconf hooks: succeeded
Nov 13 22:38:52 localhost echo: 0
Nov 13 22:38:52 localhost rc: Disabling Boot logo succeeded
--- End quote ---
and to me that looks worrying, and i suppose there's a lot for me to look into here, so i will, but anybody see anything obvious i am missing?
thanks a lot once more.
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